Difference Between SES, AES, and QES – Understanding Electronic Signature Types

In the digital world, electronic signatures (e-signatures) have become the standard for signing documents online, eliminating the need for traditional handwritten signatures. There are three main types of electronic signatures: Simple Electronic Signatures (SES), Advanced Electronic Signatures (AES), and Qualified Electronic Signatures (QES). Each of these types offers varying levels of security and legal recognition. This article explores the differences between SES, AES, and QES and explains when to use each type.

What is SES (Simple Electronic Signature)?

A Simple Electronic Signature (SES) is the most basic form of electronic signature. It is typically used in low-risk scenarios and provides minimal security. Common examples of SES include:

• Typing your name in a field on a website or document
• Clicking a checkbox to accept terms and conditions
• Drawing a signature on a touchscreen device

While an SES can confirm that the signer agreed to the terms, it does not guarantee the signer’s identity or the integrity of the document after signing. As a result, SES is not suitable for high-stakes or legal documents but is acceptable for informal agreements, internal communications, or documents with low legal risk.

What is AES (Advanced Electronic Signature)?

An Advanced Electronic Signature (AES) is more secure than an SES. It offers stronger verification and is used for documents where more security is required. To qualify as an AES, the signature must meet the following criteria:

• It must be uniquely linked to the signer
• The signer must have control over the signature creation data (e.g., password or PIN)
• The signature must be capable of detecting any changes to the signed document

AES is often used in business transactions and for documents such as contracts, purchase orders, and other agreements where a higher level of assurance is required. While AES provides more security than SES, it may not be sufficient for high-risk transactions that require absolute legal certainty.

What is QES (Qualified Electronic Signature)?

A Qualified Electronic Signature (QES) offers the highest level of security and legal standing. It is equivalent to a handwritten signature under both Swiss and EU law and must be created using a qualified certificate issued by an accredited certification authority. For a signature to qualify as a QES, it must meet the following requirements:

• The signature must be based on a qualified certificate issued by a trusted provider
• The certificate must be used to verify the signer's identity through a trusted service provider
• It must guarantee the integrity of the signed document and confirm the signer's intent

QES is required for high-risk transactions, such as real estate deals, powers of attorney, and other critical legal agreements. It ensures the highest level of security, integrity, and non-repudiation, making it the preferred option for formal, legally binding documents.

SES vs. AES vs. QES: Key Differences

Here is a summary of the key differences between SES, AES, and QES:

FAQ – Frequently Asked Questions

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